In January 1946, Iranian Kurds establish the Republic of Mahabad, a short-lived independent state in the Kurdish-inhabited areas that came under Soviet control during World War Two. A major Kurdish rebellion around Mount Ararat is crushed in 1930. The opportunity is lost and the Kurds are dispersed over the newly delineated states of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ![]() The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, negotiated by the Allies with Turkey, makes no refence to a Kurdish homeland. But Turkey’s new leader, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, rejects Sèvres. After World War One, the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres dissolves the defeated Ottoman empire and proposes the creation of an autonomous Kurdish state. Secretly negotiated by Britain and France, the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement draws up plans for the modern Middle East. Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani ('father of Kurdish nationalism') and his fighters launched rebellionsĪgainst successive Iraqi regimes from the 1940s onwards.
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